• Human-automation integration and distributed control architectures unify device-level services with distributed control concepts, emphasizing IEC 61499-like componentization, formal interaction models, and the impact of information and decision automation on operator workload and system reliability [1], [19], [13].

• Remote and virtual laboratories for automatic control enable remote experimentation, education, and collaborative learning, integrating DSP-based control hardware, web-accessible CrAutoLab architectures, and virtual/electrical machine labs to broaden access [14], [17], [15].

• Intelligent fault diagnosis and condition monitoring in electric motors and rotating machinery employ neural/fuzzy approaches and reliability analysis to detect incipient faults, reduce downtime, and guide maintenance [10], [20], [18].

• Direct-drive electromechanical actuation for automotive control, including shift-by-wire concepts, demonstrates the potential for higher efficiency and simpler actuation by directly driving gearshifts and rails [7], [12].

• Autonomous and teleoperated robotics for field maintenance and line inspection address navigation in unstructured environments, including power transmission lines, mines, and masonry construction, highlighting robust sensing, actuation, and control in real world settings [3], [4], [11], [2].